Causes Common causes include cutting nails too short or rounding the corners, tight shoes, repeated pressure, injury and naturally curved nails.
Early care For mild symptoms without pus or spreading redness, soaking the foot in warm water, wearing roomy shoes and avoiding further digging or cutting may reduce irritation. Do not place sharp objects under the nail.
Medical treatment A clinician may lift the nail edge, remove a small portion of nail or treat infection when present. Recurrent cases may need a procedure that prevents the problematic nail edge from growing back. Antibiotics are not needed for every case and should be used only when clinically indicated.
Prevention Cut toenails straight across, leave them long enough to protect the skin and wear shoes with adequate toe space.
People with diabetes, poor circulation, nerve damage or immune suppression should seek professional care early rather than attempting home procedures.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should toenails be cut in a curve?
No. Cutting straight across reduces the risk of ingrowth.
Can an ingrown nail become infected?
Yes. Increasing redness, pus and worsening pain suggest infection.
Are antibiotics always needed?
No. They are used when a clinician identifies infection that requires them.
When is a procedure considered?
For severe, infected or repeatedly recurring cases.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.