Causes Weight is influenced by genetics, food environment, activity, sleep, medicines, stress and some medical conditions. It should not be treated as a failure of willpower.
Health effects Possible effects include high blood pressure, fatty liver, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, joint pain and emotional distress.
Assessment The pediatrician reviews growth patterns, diet, sleep, activity, family history and medicines. Blood pressure and selected laboratory tests may be recommended.
Treatment Effective care involves the whole family. Goals include regular meals, fewer sugary drinks, more vegetables and protein, age-appropriate activity, sufficient sleep and less sedentary screen time. Severe cases may require specialist programs or medication in selected older children.
Avoid shaming language and extreme diets. The focus should be health, confidence and sustainable habits.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is BMI used in children?
Yes, but it is interpreted using age- and sex-specific percentiles.
Should a child follow a strict diet?
Restrictive diets are usually inappropriate without professional supervision.
Can obesity affect sleep?
Yes. It increases the risk of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.
Is treatment only about weight loss?
No. Improving health behaviours and growth patterns is the main goal.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.