Symptoms Alopecia areata often begins as one or more round, smooth bald patches on the scalp or beard. It can also affect eyebrows, eyelashes or body hair. Some patients develop small dents in the nails.
Cause and course The exact trigger is not always known. Genetics and immune factors contribute. Hair follicles remain alive, so regrowth is possible, but the course is unpredictable and new patches can develop.
Treatment Small patches may regrow without treatment. Options include corticosteroid injections or topical treatment, medicines that alter the immune response and, for extensive disease, newer systemic treatments selected by a dermatologist. Treatment choice depends on age, extent, duration and emotional effect.
When to seek care Early assessment helps confirm the diagnosis and exclude fungal infection, traction or scarring alopecia. Sudden extensive loss, eyebrow or eyelash involvement or major emotional distress deserves prompt support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is alopecia areata contagious?
No. It is an autoimmune condition.
Can hair grow back?
Yes, because follicles are usually not permanently destroyed.
Can it return after regrowth?
Yes. Recurrence is possible.
Does stress cause it?
Stress may be associated with some episodes but is not the only cause.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.