What is vitiligo? Vitiligo develops when the immune system attacks melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Patches may appear on the face, hands, feet, around body openings or in areas of repeated friction. Hair within affected skin may also turn white.
Diagnosis A dermatologist usually diagnoses vitiligo through examination and medical history. A special light may help distinguish it from fungal infection, post-inflammatory colour loss or other pigment disorders. Selected blood tests may be considered when symptoms suggest another autoimmune condition.
Treatment Treatment is individualised. Options may include topical corticosteroids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory creams, narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy, targeted light treatment or selected systemic medicines. Some treatments aim to restore colour, while others aim to stabilise active spread. Results vary and usually take months.
Self-care Use broad-spectrum sunscreen because depigmented skin burns easily. Avoid unregulated bleaching products and harsh skin trauma. Camouflage products may be useful for patients who want them.
Seek medical review when patches are new, spreading, affecting hair or sensitive areas, or causing emotional distress.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is vitiligo contagious?
No. It cannot spread from one person to another.
Can colour return?
Some treatments can restore colour in selected areas, but results vary.
Does vitiligo always spread?
No. It may remain stable, spread slowly or change unpredictably.
Why is sunscreen important?
Depigmented skin has less natural protection from ultraviolet radiation.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.