Causes and triggers Melasma is linked to increased pigment activity. Sunlight, visible light, pregnancy, hormonal medicines, family history and heat may contribute. It is more common in people with medium to darker skin tones.
Diagnosis A dermatologist usually diagnoses melasma by examining the distribution and colour. Other causes of facial pigmentation may need to be excluded before treatment.
Treatment Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen is essential, and tinted sunscreen containing iron oxides may offer additional protection from visible light. Treatment may include hydroquinone, azelaic acid, retinoids, combination creams, chemical peels or selected laser and light procedures. Procedures can sometimes worsen pigmentation if used too aggressively.
Expectations Melasma is manageable but often recurrent. Improvement usually takes months, and maintenance treatment may be needed. Avoid unregulated bleaching mixtures because they may contain harmful steroids or mercury.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is melasma dangerous?
No, but it can affect confidence and quality of life.
Can pregnancy trigger it?
Yes. Hormonal changes can contribute.
Why is sunscreen essential?
Sun and visible light can worsen pigmentation and trigger recurrence.
Can laser cure melasma permanently?
No. Laser may help selected cases but recurrence is common.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.