Causes and assessment Gynecomastia may occur during puberty, with ageing, obesity, hormonal imbalance, liver or thyroid disease, anabolic steroids and certain medicines. One-sided, rapidly growing, hard or painful enlargement requires medical evaluation.
Before surgery The clinician reviews medicines, supplements, drug use, weight change and symptoms. Examination distinguishes gland tissue from fat and checks for concerning masses. Blood tests or imaging are used selectively.
Surgical treatment Liposuction removes excess fat, while firm glandular tissue usually requires direct excision through an incision near the areola. Significant skin excess may need additional scars. The two techniques are often combined.
Recovery Compression garments help control swelling. Bruising, soreness and temporary numbness are common. Heavy chest exercise is restricted until healing is adequate.
Risks Risks include bleeding, infection, contour irregularity, nipple sensation changes, asymmetry, visible scars, fluid collection, skin loss and recurrence if the underlying cause continues.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is gynecomastia only excess fat?
No. It may include gland tissue, fat and loose skin.
Should every case have hormone tests?
No. Testing is selected according to history and examination.
Can liposuction alone treat it?
It may when fat predominates, but firm gland often needs excision.
Can it return after surgery?
Yes, if weight gain, medicines, hormones or anabolic steroids continue to affect the chest.
This information is for education only and does not replace medical assessment or treatment by a qualified physician.